During pregnancy, several oral health conditions are more common. Keywords type 2 diabetes mellitus, orodental diseases, chronic periodontitis, diabetic complications. A tooths root is anchored to the bone within its socket by fibers called periodontal ligaments. During this time, the signs and symptoms of periodontal diseases were firmly established.
The aim of the present study is to find the prevalence of periodontal disease in females with ph in a rural. The current body of knowledge indicates that specific mi. The role of subgingival microbial species in the etiology of periodontal diseases has been extensively documented 1214. Preventing periodontal disease b y the time people reach adulthood, their teeth and gingivae, or gums, have had quite a workout. Periodontal disease is a chronic, bacteriainduced, inflammatory condition that attacks the gum tissue and in more severe cases, the bone supporting the teeth. Treating periodontal disease during pregnancy european. And the cause can be as simple as gestational gingivitis something that is easily overlooked, even by doctors. When gums are healthy, they continue to fit snugly around the teeth. Observational studies crosssectional, casecontrol, and cohort design on the effect of periodontitis on pregnancy. It is caused by a build up of calculus, bacteria and food that collects in pockets under the gum. This is associated with complications for both the. Second, it is also plausible that parity and socioeconomic position sep have shared risk factors, increasing the incidence of disease or influencing its management. However, the efficacy of periodontal treatment during pregnancy is controversial. Women who are pregnant may be at an increased risk of pathological dental conditions, such as periodontitis.
Gingivitis is a mild, reversible inflammation of the gingival tissues and periodontal disease is a more severe and destructive irreversible form of the disease. College of obstetrics and gynecology has provided guidelines for antibiotic. Studies show that many pregnant women experience pregnancy gingivitis when dental plaque builds up on the teeth and irritates the gums. If you haveaninfection in yourteethorgums, the chanceofyour baby beingpremature born early or havinglow birth weight maybe slightly higher than ifyourteethandgums are healthy what is periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that destroys bone and gum tissues that support the teeth. Pregnancy, adverse pregnancy outcomes, periodontal disease, periodontal therapy. Further rigorous systematic studies with larger sample size are required to establish bidirectional relationship between chronic periodontitis and glycaemic status. Studies have shown that periodontal disease can affect about 20% to up to 50% of pregnant women, especially economically disadvantaged e. Dental caries may occur due to changes in diet such as increased snacking due to cravings, increased acidity in the mouth due to vomiting, dry mouth or poor oral hygiene stemming from nausea and vomiting.
An increase in gingival blood supply and a greater tendency towards gingival swelling and periodontal disease exists. Journal of dental hygiene supplement of dental hygiene. Teeth are supported by the gums, or gingiva and bone. Stress, clenching or grinding your teeth, an unhealthy diet, and diabetes can increase your chances of developing gum disease as well. Periodontal disease is very common during pregnancy. Changing hormone levels in pubescent teenagers and women who are pregnant also can increase the risk of gum disease. Maternal periodontitis is modestly but independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the findings are impacted by periodontitis case definitions. Periodontal gum disease is an infection of the tissues that hold your teeth in place. Pregnancy, adverse pregnancy outcomes, periodontal disease, periodontal. Pregnancy, parity and periodontal disease morelli 2018. Periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes komine. These diseases are interrelated, with progression from supragingival plaques to subgingival infections and periodontal disease.
It also appears that periodontal infections, at least in some populations, can in crease the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Periodontal disease is divided into two categories. Research has indicated that women with periodontal disease may be at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such giving birth to a preterm or lowbirth weight baby, reports the aap and efp. Please click continue below to return to your previous page to complete the process. Epidemiology of association between maternal periodontal. Periodontal disease and pregnancy corona, ca james k. Exploring the relationship between periodontal disease and. Dental care in pregnancy why is dental care in pregnancy important.
Treating periodontal disease european federation of. The key to limiting the impact of gum disease on pregnancy lies in controlling inflammation. According to the findings of this study, there is a noticeable relationship between periodontal health and duration of pregnancy. It is suggested that future studies employ both continuous and categorical assessments of periodontal status. Hormonal changes and changes to your body during the pregnancy can have an enormous impact on your overall health. The author reports no conflicts of interest associated with this work.
The most common maternal oral diseases that potentially could impact pregnancy outcome include dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Periodontal disease and pregnancy periodontal associates. Many adults, however, develop some type of periodontal, or gum, disease an infection of the tissues that support their teeth. And, in some cases, its in your genesnearly 30 percent. Pregnancy causes many hormonal changes that increase the risk to the expectant mother of developing gingivitis inflammation of the gum tissue and periodontal diseases. Pdf on jan 1, 2015, shilpa trivedi and others published periodontal diseases and pregnancy find, read and cite all the research you need on. Describe appropriate care and advice for patients with pregnancy complications to allow reduction of risks for overall and oral health. Pregnancy causes many hormonal changes which increase the risk of the expectant mother to develop gingivitis inflammation of the gum tissue and periodontal disease. Smoking and periodontal disease smoking is a major cause of periodontal disease.
During pregnancy, due to physiological hormonal changes, there is a systematic inclination to periodontal disease. Pregnancy and periodontal disease nearly 60 to 75% of pregnant women have gingivitis, an early stage of periodontal disease that occurs when the gums become red and swollen from inflammation that may be aggravated by changing hormones during pregnancy. There have been an increased number of studies establishing associations between, periodontal disease and negative health outcomes, which include tooth loss, cardiovascular disease, stroke, poor. Pdf periodontal disease is very common during pregnancy. Periodontal disease and pregnancy periodontal diseases are distributed worldwide and represent a major oral health concern. Periodontal perio or gum disease is a bacterial infection that occurs under the gums and causes, bleeding, pain, halitosis bad breath and bone loss from the jaws. Periodontal disease affects many americans and is the major cause of adult tooth loss.
Periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes adha. Pregnancy is a time of marked physiological change that can affect the oral health of the expectant mother. These oral problems have been linked in many research studies to preeclampsia, low birth weight of the baby and premature birth. Additionally, studies have suggested that women who experience periodontal disease during pregnancy may be at risk of having a premature or low birth weight baby.
Periodontal disease is thought to be associated with increased risk of systemic diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including pregnancy hypertension ph. Special supplement the journal of dental hygiene 1 journal of dental hygiene ifc from the editorinchief of the journal of dental hygiene rebecca s. There may be other reasons people with gum disease sometimes. During pregnancy, mild inflammation of the gums, pregnancy gingivitis, is quite common and if left untreated can lead to periodontal disease.
Bidirectional relationship between pregnancy and periodontal disease. Rather than a single disease entity, periodontal disease is a combination of multiple disease processes that share a common clinical manifestation. For women with destructive periodontal disease, the effects of pregnancy and parity are unclear. Increased gingival inflammation during pregnancy is due to elevated pathogenicity andor a higher response by the host to the plaque biofilm.
Up to 90% of refractory periodontitis patients are smokers. Dental care as a safe and essential part of a healthy. Biological mechanisms between periodontal diseases and. Failure to complete all the steps will result in a loss of this test score, and you will not receive credit for this course.
Duringpregnancy, you are more likely to have problems with yourteethorgums. Oral health may be considered an important part of prenatal care, given that poor oral health during pregnancy can lead to poor health outcomes for the mother and baby. Adverse pregnancy outcomes apos and periodontal disease. Pregnancy may make women more prone to periodontal gum disease and cavities. Periodontal disease gingivitis and periodontitis and. Periodontal disease, or gum disease, is one of the most common chronic inflammatory disorders that affect the tissues surrounding the teeth fig. Expectant mothers periodontal health vital to health of. Also, periodontitis is associated with increased risk for diabetic complications.
Smoking may be responsible for more than half of the periodontal disease among adults in the u. To update the available evidence on the impact of periodontal disease on adverse pregnancy outcomes apos. Since that time, a multitude of studies evaluating this association as well as. If youre pregnant, or thinking about becoming pregnant, youre likely learning about a lot of specific health issues that can affect you and your baby.
Periodontal gum disease national institute of dental. Symptoms include red, inflamed and bleeding gums 4. Gingivitis may result from hormonal changes that exaggerate the response to bacteria in the gum tissue 3. Smokers are 4x as likely to develop periodontitis as nonsmokers. Implications for dental hygiene assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. The good news is that researchers are making strides to find out exactly how periodontal disease affects pregnancy outcomes.
Though gingivitis is localized to only the gingiva without destroying periodontal. Periodontal disease in an expectant mother can even lead to miscarriage or stillbirth. Pdf periodontal diseases and pregnancy researchgate. Periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Its typically caused by poor brushing and flossing habits that allow plaquea sticky film. Wilder, rdh, bs, ms periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. The first association between periodontal disease and preterm low birth weight was documented by offenbacher and colleagues 16 in 1996 using a casecontrol study design with 124 patients. Periodontal disease and pregnancy colorado springs, co. Periodontal disease and pregnancy outcomes ncbi nih. Periodontal diseases comprise a wide range of inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting structures of the teeth the gingiva, bone and periodontal ligament, which could lead to tooth. Periodontal treatment and pregnancy outcomes key words 510.